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• A stoma is a surgically created communication between a hollow viscus and the skin

• Includes a colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy, caecostomy, jejunostomy and gastrostomy

• Functionally they can be end, loop or continent stoma

Positioning

• Away from umbilicus, scars, costal margin and anterior superior iliac spine

• Ensure compatible with the clothing worn by the patient

• Ideally should be marked preoperatively by stoma nurse

Complications

Structural complications

• Necrosis

• Detachment

• Recession

• Stenosis

• Prolapse

• Ulceration

• Parastomal herniation

• Fistula formation

Pictures provided by Mr Richard Morgan, Freemantle Hospital, Western Australia

Picture provided by Vikram Kate, Jawaharial Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India

Picture provided by Derek Chen, Perth Australia

Functional disorders

• Excess action

  • Distal colostomy should produce solid faeces

  • Ileostomy will produce 500-700 ml/day of liquid effluent

  • If excess output consider

  • Inflammatory bowel disease

  • Para-intestinal sepsis

  • Subacute obstruction

• Reduced action

  • Consider simple constipation or obstruction

Bibliography

Chen F,  Stuart M.  The morbidity of defunctioning stomata.  Aust N Z J Surg 1996;  66:  218-221.

Israelsson L A.  Preventing and treating parastomal hernia.  World J Surg 2005;  29:  1086-1089

Martin L,  Foster G.  Parastomal hernias.  Ann R Coll Surg 1996; 78:  81 - 84.

Nugent K P.  Intestinal stomas.  In:  Johnson C D,  Taylor I eds.  Recent advances in Surgery 22.  Churchill Livingstone 1999;  135-146.

Shellito M.  Complications of abdominal stoma surgery.  Dis Colon Rectum 1998;  41:  1562-1572.

Last updated: 05 January 2008

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